Aji Pari

Title of Work

Aji Pari

Type

⧼IdentificationMap-Lontar Pertanian⧽

Photo Reference

Location

Credit

Reference

Background information

Enable comment auto-refresher

Summary

In English

Aji Pari means ‘the spell of rice'. This lontar is written in ancient Javanese and is one of the lontars which contains teachings about traditional agriculture. Aji Pari is in the same category as agricultural lontars such as Usada Taru Pramana, Aji Janantaka, Usada Carik, and so on.

Aji Pari in general contains mantras about the greatness of rice from the time it is planted to post-harvest. This lontar is closely related to the Subak organization, which is thought to have existed since the ninth century. Within the Subak organization, there are many special ceremonies for rice starting from before planting to after harvest. In other words, rice is treated like a human undergoing developmental phases.

Lontar Aji pari likens rice to a sacred tree which is a form of the goddess Sri (the goddess of prosperity) as a tree. Therefore, in each phase of rice development, it is given different names. Lontar Aji Pari revealed that traditional Balinese and Javanese people highly respect rice plants as the main source of food in an agrarian society.

Based on what is contained in Aji Pari's lontar, it can be assumed that the rice seeds in Bali came from Java, to be precise during the Airlangga era or before. Perhaps at that time there were native Balinese rice species, but in allegory this lontar states that Bhatara Sri came from Kamulan (East Java). This indicates that there was a better breeding of rice species in East Java at that time, which was later developed in Bali as well.

In Balinese

Aji Pari artinipun ajian indik padi . Lontar puniki kasurat antuk basa Jawi purwa tur dados silih sinunggil lontar sane muat ajah-ajahan indik nandur padi lan upacara-upacara ring sawah. Aji Pari ngranjing ring kategori sane pateh saking lontar-lontar pertanian minakadi Usada Taru Pramana, Aji Janantaka, Usada Carik, miwah sane siosan.

Aji Pari madaging mantra-mantra indik kaluihan utawi kaagungan padi ngawit daweg katandur nyantos sasampun manyi. Lontar puniki mailetan pisan sareng kawentenan Subak, sane sampun kocap wenten ring Bali duk satawarsa kaping sia. Ring sajeroning Subak, wenten akeh pisan upacara majeng ring padi ngawit saking sadurung nandur nyantos sasampun manyi. Lian raosne, padi punika kaupacarain sakadi anak manusa saking embas nyantos padem.

Lontar Aji pari ngupamiang padi pinaka entik-entikan suci, paragon Ida Bhatara Sri dewaning karahayuan marupa taru. Nika mawinan, ring sakancan tuwuh padine, wenten aran-arannyane sane malianan. Lontar Aji Pari ngungkab parindikan krama Bali lan Jawine dumunan banget nyuksmayang kawentenan padine makadi wit ajeng-ajengan sane pinih utama ring sahananing pakraman agraris.

Manut saking napi sane munggah ring Lontar Aji Pari, prasida katarka indik bibit padi sane wenten ring Bali sujatine mawit saking Jawi, tepetnyane ring jaman Airlangga utawi sadurungnyane. Minaban daweg nika wenten spesies padi asli Bali nanging ring tata basa alegori lontar puniki maosang indik Bhatara Sri rauh ring Bali saking Kamulan Jawi Kanginan . Niki nyihnayang indik kawentenan pangembangbiakan spesies padi sane luihan ring Jawi Kanginan daweg nika, sane laut kalimbakang taler ring Bali.

In Indonesian

Aji Pari berarti ‘ilmu padi’. Lontar ini ditulis dengan bahasa Jawa kuno dan merupakan salah satu lontar yang memuat ajaran tentang pertanian tradisional. Aji Pari berada dalam kategori yang sama dengan lontar-lontar pertanian seperti Usada Taru Pramana, Aji Janantaka, Usada Carik, dan sebagainya.

Aji Pari secara umum berisikan mantra-mantra tentang keagungan padi mulai dari ketika ditanam hingga pascapanen. Lontar ini sangat terkait dengan organisasi Subak, yang diperkirakan telah ada sejak abad kesembilan. Dalam organisasi Subak, terdapat banyak upacara khusus untuk padi mulai dari sebelum menanam hingga setelah panen. Dengan kata lain, padi diperlakukan seperti manusia yang mengalami fase-fase perkembangan.

Lontar Aji pari mengibaratkan padi sebagai pohon suci yang merupakan wujud dewi sri (dewi kemakmuran) sebagai pohon. Karena itu, dalam setiap fase perkembangan padi, ia diberi nama-nama yang berbeda. Lontar Aji Pari mengungkap bahwa masyarakat Bali dan Jawa tradisional sangat menghormati tanaman padi sebagai sumber makanan yang paling utama dalam masyarakat agraris.

Berdasarkan apa yang termuat dalam lontar Aji Pari, dapat diduga bahwa bibit padi yang ada di Bali berasal dari Jawa, tepatnya pada zaman Airlangga atau sebelumnya. Barangkali pada waktu itu ada spesies padi asli Bali, namun secara alegori lontar ini menyatakan bahwa Bhatara Sri datang dari Kamulan (Jawa Timur). Ini mengindikasikan bahwa terdapat pengembangbiakan spesies padi yang lebih baik di Jawa Timur pada waktu itu, yang kemudian dikembangkan juga di Bali.

Text Excerpt

Bahasa Kawi/Kuno

Om awighnam astu. Nyan kawruhakena aji pari, ma, pangekan bhatari sri, madesa di Jempakling, di Melayu, di Kamulan, di Kampuga, di Kawijilan, kagawa ida ka Bali, manunggang jong, manunggang kuli-kuli, mangambah palit cedang, teka ida di Bali, tumurun ida manampak gumi, duk bawu sumepit bhatara sri, Linjong Taji aranira, angering sira ring lahan, Bhatara sri hanadewi aranira, agodong sira sawiji, hhatara sri sadewi aranira, agodong sira roro, bhatara sri dwadewi aranira, agodong sira tatelu, bhatari sri tigadewi aranira, agodong sira patpat, bhatara sri anodewi aranira, agodong sira lalima, bhatari sri madewi aranira, agodong sira nenem, bhatara sri caturdewi aranira.

In English

Hope there are no obstacles. Know this rice spell, which is the word of the goddess Sri, who comes from Jempakling (Keling, Central Java), from Melayu, from Kamulan (Medang Kamulan, Kediri), from Kampuga, from Kawijilan (Kahuripan), she is brought to Bali by boat, riding a wagon (?) through the trenches of ditches and roads, she comes to Bali, she comes down to step on the ground. When the buds start to grow, her name is Linjong Haji. When the rice is planted in the land, it is named Bhatara Sri Hanadewi. When it has one leaf, its name is Bhatara Sri Sadewi. When she has two leaves, she is named Bhatara Sri Dwadewi. Three-leafed, she is named Bhatara Sri Tigadewi. Four-leafed, she is named Bhatara Sri Anodewi. Five-leafed, she is named Bhatara Sri Madewi. Six-leafed, she is named Bhatara Sri Caturdewi.

In Balinese

Mogi tan wenten kapiambeng. Patut kauningin ajian padi puniki, sabdan Ida Bhatari Sri, sane mawit saking Jempakling Keling , ring Melayu, ring Kamulan Medang Kamulan, Kediri , ring Kampuga, ring Kawijilan Kahuripan , ida kawawa ring Bali nganggen prau, negakin gedebeg ? ngintasin ceruk lan marga, rauh ida ring Bali, tedun ida nganteg tanah. Ritatkala ida mentik, pesengan ida Linjong Haji. Ritatkala ida katandur, ida mapesengan Bhatara Sri Sadewi. Ritatkala ida madon kalih, ida mapesengan Bhatara Sri Dwadewi. Madon tetiga, pesengan ida Bhatara Sri Tigadewi. Madon patpat, ida mapesengan Bhatara Sri Anodewi. Madon lelima, ida mapesengan Bhatara Sri Madewi. Madon nemnem, ida mapesengan Bhatara Sri Caturdewi.

In Indonesian

Semoga tidak ada alangan. Ketahuilah ilmu padi ini, yang adalah sabda Bhatari Sri, yang berasal dari Jempakling (Keling), di Melayu, di Kamulan (Medang Kamulan, Kediri), di Kampuga, di Kawijilan (Kahuripan), beliau dibawa ke Bali menggunakan perahu, menunggangi gerobak (?) melalui cerukan parit dan jalan, datanglah ia di Bali, turunlah beliau menginjak tanah. Ketika tunasnya mulai tumbuh, namanya Linjong Haji. Tatkala padi ditanam di lahan, ia bernama Bhatara Sri hanadewi. Tatkala ia berdaun satu, namanya adalah Bhatara Sri Sadewi. Tatkala ia berdaun dua, dia bernama Bhatara Sri Dwadewi. Berdaun tiga, beliau bernama Bhatara Sri Tigadewi. Berdaun empat, beliau bernama Bhatara Sri Anodewi. Berdaun lima, beliau bernama Bhatara Sri Madewi. Berdaun enam, beliau bernama Bhatara Sri Caturdewi.

Index