Kakawin Ramayana

From BASAbaliWiki
Ramayana kakawin.jpg
Title of Work
Kakawin Ramayana
Type
⧼IdentificationMap-Kakawin⧽
Photo Reference
Location
India
Credit
Mpu Yogiswara
Reference
https://archive.org/details/RamayanaKakawinVol.1/page/n47
Background information


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    Summary


    In English

    Kakawin Ramayana is anarration about Lord Rama who kills an evil king, Ravana. Its kakawin version is divided into seven kandas, or parts, namely Bala Kanda, Ayodhya Kanda, Aranyaka Kanda, Kiskinda Kanda, Sundara Kanda, Yudha Kanda and Uttara Khanda. This kakawin is a translation of Valmiki Ramayana. Ramayana is not a myth, but a real historical account which actually happened. This event took place in the Tretayuga era, around 900 thousand years ago. The compilation is translated into old Javanese (Kawi) language by Mpu Yogiswara during King Airlangga’s reign. Most of the narrations in Kakawin Ramayana are similar to the original version of Valmiki Ramayana, though there are some mistakes in translation. Kakawin Ramayana starts with a narration about King Dasaratha who has three wifes and four sons. Rama is the oldest son and is going to be the next king. However, his stepmother does not agree. Then, because of his stepmother’s evil request, Rama is exiled to the forest for 14 years. During his exile, his wife, Sita, is kidnapped by Ravana. This results in great war. Sri Rama, assissted by the wanaras (troops of the apes) build remakrable bridge to Sri Lanka to attack Ravana. This bridge now still exists in Cape Comorin, southern part of India.

    In Balinese

    Kakawin Ramayana maosin indik palampah Sri Rama sane muputang urip Asura Rawana. Kakawin puniki kabantih antuk pitung kanda, inggih punika Bala Kanda, Ayodhya Kanda, Aranyaka Kanda, Kiskinda Kanda, Sundara Kanda, Yudha Kanda lan Uttara Khanda. Kakawin Ramayana wantah salinan saking Walmiki Ramayana sane mabasa Sansekerta. Ramayana puniki nenten satua ngae-ngae utawi mitos, nanging itihasa sane yukti wenten doh i pidan. Itihasa Ramayana puniki wenten ring masa Tretayuga, sawatara sanga ratus tali warsa sane sampun lintang. Kakawin puniki kasalin antuk basa Jawi purwa Kawi olih Mpu Yogiswara duk masan kaprabon Sang Prabu Airlangga. Makehan carita ring Kakawin Ramayana pateh sakadi Walmiki Ramayana sane asli, yadiastun wenten pasalin basannyane sane iwang. Kakawin puniki mawit saking satua Ida Sang Prabu Dasaratha sane maduwe istri tiga tur oka lanang patpat. Ida Sri Rama wantah oka sane pinih duur tur kalaca jagi kadadosang raja. Kewanten, tumin ida, Dewi Kekayi, nenten cumpu. Sampun kenten, antuk pinunas tumin ida, Ida Sri Rama katuduh mangda ngungsi ring alas ageng selami 14 tiban. Selami punika, rabih ida, Dewi Sita, kaejuk olih Asura Rawana. Niki ngardi yuda ageng. Ida Sri Rama, kasarengin olih wadwa wanarane, ngawangun kreteg ageng nuju Sri Lanka pacang ngempur Rawana. Kreteg puniki kantun dados cingakin mangkin ring Cape Comorin, ring pasisi India paling kelod.

    In Indonesian

    Kakawin Ramayana menceritakan tentang sejarah Sri Rama yang membinasakan Asura Ravana. Kakawin Ramayana terbagi menjadi tujuh Kanda atau bagian, yakni Bala Kanda, Ayodhya Kanda, Aranyaka Kanda, Kiskinda Kanda, Sundara Kanda, Yudha Kanda dan Uttara Khanda. Kakawin ini adalah terjemahan dari Valmiki Ramayana. Ramayana bukanlah mitos, namun peristiwa sejarah yang benar-benar terjadi. Sejarah Ramayana terjadi pada zaman Tretayuga, sekitar 900 ribu tahun lalu. Kakawin ini diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Jawa Kuno (Kawi) oleh Mpu Yogiswara pada zaman Airlangga. Sebagian besar kisah dalam Kakawin Ramayana sama dengan versi Valmiki Ramayana aslinya, walaupun terdapat kekeliruan dalam penerjemahan di beberapa bagian. Kakawin ini dimulai dari kisah Maharaja Dasaratha yang memiliki tiga istri dan empat putra. Sri Rama adalah putra tertua dan dicalonkan menjadi raja. Namun, ibu tirinya tidak setuju. Kemudian, atas desakan ibu tirinya, Sri Rama diasingkan ke hutan selama 14 tahun. Dalam pengasingan tersebut, istrinya, Sita, diculik Ravana. Ini menyebabkan peperangan besar. Sri Rama, dibantu oleh para wanara (kera), membangun jembatan menuju Sri Lanka untuk menyerang Ravana. Jembatan ini kini masih dapat disaksikan di Cape Comorin, di India bagian selatan.

    Text Excerpt


    Bahasa Kawi/Kuno

    Hana sira ratu dibya rengon prasasta ring rat musuh ira pranata

    Jaya pandita ring haji kabeh sang dasaratha nama tamoli

    1.1

    In English

    Listen, there was an excellent and famous king, renown throughout the world and respected by his enemies, victorious, and adept in all kinds of knowledge, whose name was the unequalled Dasaratha.

    In Balinese

    In Indonesian

    Dengar, ada seorang raja yang agung dan termashyur, terkenal di seluruh dunia dan dihormati oleh musuh-musuhnya, selalu menang, dan menguasai segala pengetahuan, yang bernama Dasaratha, ia yang tak tersaingi.

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