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Adi Parwa

Adiparwa.jpg
Title of Work
Adi Parwa
Type
⧼IdentificationMap-parwa of Mahabharata⧽
Photo Reference
Location
Credit
Zoetmulder
Reference
Background information


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    Summary


    In English

    [EN] The battle between Pandava and the Kauravas took place some 5,000 years ago in India and was recorded by Rsi Wedawyasa as the Epic of the Mahabharata. There are 100,000 verses in this book which are divided into 18 Parwas (big chapters). Each Parwa has a section called Kanda.

    Adi Parwa is the first part of the Mahabharata which tells about the ancestral lineage of the Pandavas and Kauravas. It was stated that they were descendants of the Lunar Dynasty. In ancient times, humanity was ruled by the great kings of two dynasties, namely the Sun and the Moon. The two dynasties began from Lord Surya (the sun-god) and Lord Candra (the moon-god), so the quality of the kings of their descendants far exceeded those of ordinary humans.

    Adi Parwa mainly tells about the creation of the universe in four stages, the appearance of the divine incarnations (avataras) of God in the previous eras, the birth of Pandavas and Kauravas and the birth of Maharsi Krishna Dwaipayana Wyasa who is the incarnation of God and the most respected sage for the Hindus around the world. The most important part of Adi Parwa is the story of the appearance of Sri Krishna, God Almighty, into this mortal world to speak the Bhagavad-gita which is considered one of the most important Vedic scriptures for Hindus.

    At the time of Dharmawangsa reign in the Panjalu kingdom, Adi Parwa was translated into ancient Javanese together with other parwas by the Javanese poets at that time. Some names of places in Sanskrit are distorted during translations. Because of this massive literacy project in Dharmawangsa era, many names of places in the Mahabharata were used as names of places in Java until now.

    In Balinese

    BA Payudan wadwa Pandava lan Korawa rawuh sawetara 5.000 warsa sane sampun lintang ring India tur kasurat olih Rsi Wedawyasa dados Epos Mahabharata. Wenten 100.000 sloka ring Mahabharata, sane kabantih antuk plakutus Parwa sargah ageng . Suang-suang parwa maduwe pahpahan sane kabawos kanda.

    Adi Parwa inggih punika pahpahan kapertama Mahabharata sane nyaritayang indik lalintihan kawitan para Pandava lan Korawane. Kabawos irika, ida makasami wantah warih Candrawangsa, sanak palalintihan Wulan. Ring purwakala, manusane ring jagate kaperintah olih raja-raja sane suci saking kalih palalintihan, inggih punika saking Bhatara Surya lan Bhatara Candra. Nika mawinan watek para rajane dumunan doh luhuran saking watek para janma biasa.

    Adi Parwa utamannyane maosin indik pangwerdian jagate sami, pangrawuh awataran Ida Hyang Widhi ring yuga-yuga sadurungnyane, weton para Pandawa lan Korawane, nyantos embas Ida Maharsi Krishna Dwaipayana Wyasa sane wantah silih sinunggil awataran Ida Hyang Widhi makadi maharsi sane pinih kasumbung olih para krama Hindune sajebag jagat. Bantihan pinih utama saking Adi Parwa inggih punika carita indik metun Ida Sri Krishna, Hyang Widhi Wasa, tedun ring jagate puniki matetujon nyabdang kitab suci Weda Bhagavad-gita, silih sinunggil bantihan Weda sane pinih utama mantuka ring para jana Hindune sami.

    Duk masa kaprabon Dharmawangsa ring panegara Panjalu ring Jawi, Adi Parwa kasalin basa ring basa Jawi kuna sinarengan antuk parwa-parwa sane lianan olih para pangawi daweg punika. Akudang pesengan genah ring basa Sanskerta kauwah kidik daweg ipun kasalin basa. Duaning proyek ageng indik panglimbak kasusastraan duk masa Dharmawangsa niki, akeh wastan genah ring Mahabharata kadadosang wastan genah ring Jawi nyantos mangkin.

    In Indonesian

    [ID] Peperangan antara Pandava dan Korawa terjadi sekitar 5.000 tahun lalu di India dan dicatat oleh Rsi Wedawyasa sebagai Epos Mahabharata. Ada 100.000 ayat dalam kitab ini yang dibagi ke dalam 18 Parwa (bab besar). Masing-masing Parva memiliki bagian yang disebut Kanda.

    Adi Parwa adalah bagian pertama Mahabharata yang mengisahkan silsilah leluhur para Pandava dan Korawa. Dinyatakan bahwa mereka adalah keturunan Dinasti Bulan. Pada zaman dahulu, umat manusia diperintah oleh raja-raja yang agung dari dua dinasti, yakni Matahari dan Bulan. Kedua dinasti itu dimulai dari Dewa Surya dan Dewa Candra, sehingga kualitas para raja keturunan mereka jauh melampaui kualitas manusia biasa.

    Adi Parwa utamanya mengisahkan tentang penciptaan alam semesta dalam empat tahap, kemunculan awatara Tuhan pada zaman sebelumnya, kelahiran para Pandava dan Korawa serta kelahiran Maharsi Krishna Dwaipayana Wyasa yang adalah inkarnasi Tuhan dan acarya yang paling dihormati oleh umat Hindu dunia. Bagian paling penting dari Adi Parwa adalah kisah kemunculan Sri Krishna, Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, ke dunia fana ini untuk menyabdakan kitab suci Weda Bhagavad-gita yang merupakan bagian kitab suci Weda paling penting bagi umat Hindu.

    Pada masa Dharmawangsa di kerajaan Panjalu, Adi Parwa diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Jawa kuno bersama-sama dengan parwa-parwa yang lainnya oleh para pengawi pada masa itu. Beberapa nama tempat dalam bahasa Sanskerta mengalami distorsi. Karena proyek literasi besar-besaran pada zaman Dharmawangsa inilah banyak nama tempat dalam Mahabharata dijadikan nama tempat di Jawa hingga kini.

    Text Excerpt


    Bahasa Kawi/Kuno

    Hana pwa ya mangke wuwusen, ikang kala tan hana aditya candra naksatra baywakasadika, pralaya riwekas ning sangharakalpa, prapta mwang sargakala pratiniyata mijil saprakaranya nguni, icca sang hyang tinutyan hana kateka sabda sanghara dharma, sang hyang sangkara antah karanyan hana lawan bhatari dehardha, karana nika mapisan lawan bhatara trinetra sira... Translated by an expert (P.J. Zoetmulder)

    In English

    It is said that there was a time when there was no sun, moon, stars, wind (because) the sky had not yet spread; the age of emptiness vanished, the time of creation came; destined to manifest various kinds of beings. The Lord was happy because carried out all his words were. Bhatara Shiva together with Bhatari Parwati created everything... Translated by an expert (P.J. Zoetmulder)

    In Balinese

    Wenten reko kasengguh dugase dumun pisan, tan wenten surya, wulan, bintang, angin duaning langite durung kagelar. Sampun kenten, sirna masane punika, magentos antuk masan pangwerdi jagat ditatkala sarwa pranine kaicen urip. Seneng kahyun Ida Bhatara duaning sami sabdan Ida kalaksanayang. Bhatara Siwa kalih Bhatari Parwati ngardi jagate sami...

    Kasalin basa olih P.J. Zoetmulder

    In Indonesian

    Tersebutlah kini suatu waktu, tiada matahari, bulan, bintang, angin (karena) langit pun belum juga terbentang; lenyaplah zaman kekosongan itu, tibalah zaman penciptaan; ditakdirkan menjelma berbagai macam makhluk. Senanglah dewa, karena diturut dan terlaksana segala sabdanya. Bhatara Siwa bersama-sama dengan Bhatari Parwati menciptakan segala sesuatu... Diterjemahkan oleh P.J. Zoetmulder.

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