Nagarakretagama

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Nagara.jpg
Title of Work
Nagarakretagama
Type
⧼IdentificationMap-Kakawin⧽
Photo Reference
Location
Trowulan
Credit
Prapanca
Reference
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bw9uNAJwVfCGWkdzQWxBRFFYMk0/view
Background information


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    Summary


    In English

    Nagarakretagama is a compilation of praises to King Hayam Wuruk written by Mpu Prapanca in 1365. Many historians and scholars state that Prapanca is not a real name. Instead, it is an alias. This kakawin contains descriptions of Majapahit capital metropolis which was splendid and busy during its heydays. According to descriptions in this kakawin, the capital of Majapahit was successfully rediscovered and reconstructed by the historians and archeologists. This kakawin also contains description of Majapahit territory in and beyond Java, as well as notes on King Hayam Wuruk’s journey around Java. In the descriptions, a lot of names of famous shrines and ilgrimage sites are found. There are some versions of Nagarakretagama. Two prominent versions are that from Puri Cakranegara, Lombok and Puri Karangasem. One of those version is kept in Leiden and its copy is now available at Gedong Arca Museum, Gianyar. Now, translations of this kakawin is well-known in many languages and are very famous.

    In Balinese

    Nagarakretagama inggih punika kakawin pujasastra majeng ring Sang Prabu Hayam Wuruk, kasurat olih Mpu Prapanca ring warsa 1365. Makeh para kawikan ring sejarah maosin indike Prapanca nenten ja parab asli, kewanten parab siliban. Kakawin puniki ngenenin indik wewidangan kutaraja Majapahit sane luwih tur rame ritatkala masa jayan ipun. Manut sasuratan ring Kakawin puniki, kutaraja Majapahit ring Trowulan prasida kapanggih tur kawangun malih olih para kawikan sejarah lan arkeologe. Kakawin puniki taler madaging wawengkon Majapahit ring Jawi lan pulau-pulau lianan, lan wenten taler catetan indik pamargin Sang Prabu Hayam Wuruk ngiderin Pulau Jawine. Ring catetan punika prasida kapanggih akeh pisan wastan candi tur patirtaan pinih pininget ring masa Majapahit. Wenten akudang salinan cakepan Nagarakretagama. Kalih salinan sane pinih kasub inggih punika salinan saking Puri Cakranegara, Lombok lan salinan saking Puri Karangasem. Silih sinunggil salinan punika kasimpen ring Leiden tur kasalin malih laut kagenahang ring Museum Gedong Arca, Gianyar. Mangkin, pasalin-basa kakawin puniki sampun katah pisan ring makudang-kudang basa tur sampun akeh kawacen.

    In Indonesian

    Nagarakretagama adalah sebuah kakawin pujian kepada raja Hayam Wuruk oleh Mpu Prapanca yang ditulis pada tahun 1365. Banyak ahli sejarah menyatakan bahwa Prapanca bukan nama asli, melainkan nama samaran. Kakawin ini memuat tentang deskripsi ibu kota Majapahit yang megah dan ramai pada masa kejayaannya. Berdasarkan uraian dalam kakawin inilah ibu kota Majapahit di Trowulan berhasil ditemukan dan direkonstruksi oleh para sejarawan dan arkeolog. Kakawin ini juga memuat tentang wilayah kekuasaan Majapahit Jawa dan di luar Jawa, dan catatan tentang perjalanan Raja Hayam Wuruk berkeliling Pulau Jawa. Dalam uraian tersebut terdapat banyak referensi mengenai candi-candi dan petirtaan penting pada zaman Majapahit. Ada beberapa versi Nagarakretagama. Dua versi yang terkenal adalah versi Puri Cakranegara, Lombok dan versi Puri Karangasem. Salah satu versi itu disimpan di Leiden dan salinannya ada di Museum Gedong Arca, Gianyar. Kini, terjemahan kakawin ini telah banyak beredar dalam berbagai bahasa dan amat dikenal-luas.

    Text Excerpt


    Bahasa Kawi/Kuno

    (1.1) om nathaya namostu te stutinin atpada ri pada bhatara nityasa, sang suksmeng telen ing samadi siwa budda sira sakala niskalatmaka, sang sri parwwatanatha nathanin anatha sira ta patining jagatpati, sang hyang nin hyang inisty acintyanin acintya hana waya temahnreng jagat.

    In English

    Om! To the Protector be homage paid, to You, praise of the bringer of veneration at the Feet of the Lord, everlastingly. The honoured Subtile in the profundity of meditation, Shiwa- Buddha is He, material-immaterial by nature, the honoured Illustrious Protector of Mountains, Protector of the protectorless He is surely, Ruler over the rulers of the world, the honoured Spirit of the spiritual, the Ideal, the Unconceivable of the unconceivable, Existing: there is an apparition of Him in the world.

    In Balinese

    Sakancan pamujan majeng ring Ida sang rumaksa tur sang sane patut kapuja, tityang matur sembah ring buk padan Ratu. Ratu wantah tatujon semedi, Ratu wantah Siwa Buddha, sane marupa sakala-niskala. Ratu kabawos sang rumaksa gunung, sang suraksa sane tan karaksa, pangambel jagat, atmaning niskala, sasuhunan sane satinut, sang sane tan kasukat antuk manah, kawentenan sane langgeng, sane prasida kapanggih ring jagate.

    In Indonesian

    Segala pujian kepada Sang Pelindung dan yang patut dipuja, hamba bersujud di kakiMu. Engkau adalah obyek meditasi, Engkau adalah Siwa Buddha, yang bersifat material dan spiritual. Engkau dikenal sebagai pelindung para gunung, pelindung bagi yang lemah, penguasa jagat, jiwa rohani, panutan, yang tak terjangkau pikiran, keberadaan yang kekal, yang tampak di dunia ini.

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