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• A.A. Made Putra Arsana  + (One of the modern Balinese literary works … One of the modern Balinese literary works that has developed in the community is the short story Luh Ayu Manik Mas Ngalahang Legu Poléng. The short story contains the value of good education to shape the character of the community. Likewise, the contents of the short story are very closely related to people's lives today. So that it is more interesting to know the values of the short stories, especially the character values of the characters. Based on the thoughts above, this study will discuss the problem, namely the value of character education contained in the short story of Luh Ayu Manik Mas Ngalahang Legu Poléng.f Luh Ayu Manik Mas Ngalahang Legu Poléng.)
• Dewi Dian Reich  + (One of the things at the centre of Balines … One of the things at the centre of Balinese culture, perhaps can be said to be the certainty of one’s relationship to Nature. If art is integral to our culture, how much more is Nature.</br></br>The White Wood of Bayan (Pohon Kayu Putih Bayan) is an ancient tree. One of the many ancient trees that is on Sacred ground and is in itself part of a Temple, Pura Babakan. Being hundreds of years old, it certainly did not appear suddenly out of nowhere. However, it has begun to attract far more attention in these recent months. Perhaps due to the growing awareness on social media, there are certainly more visitors there in the past year.</br></br>The Beauty of the White Wood of Bayan, these photographs centre on the presence of its Temple. That when we look upon this Tree, it is not separate from looking upon that which is Sacred.te from looking upon that which is Sacred.)
• Dewi Dian Reich  + (Part of a series of portraits of the Faces … Part of a series of portraits of the Faces of Wayang Wong of Pura Taman Pule Mas Ubud. In the time before the performance begins, the intimate moments of the dancers and performers in their preparation for the enactment of the Sacred Wayang Wong.</br>Pura Taman Pule is a Temple in the village of Mas, Ubud in Bali. This mask dance is unique and is only performed here in this Temple. It is not performed outside of its grounds. A set of masks of the characters from the Ramayana and Mahabharata epics are kept in the Temple.No one can say for certain where these masks originated. There are no certain records of the mask carver or how they came to be in the safekeeping of the Temple. That information perhaps has been lost as a result of conflict or war in history.as a result of conflict or war in history.)
• Dewi Dian Reich  + (Portrait of contemporary artist Wayan Suas … Portrait of contemporary artist Wayan Suastama by Dewi Dian Reich. Environmental portraiture, in an unstaged environment. Naturally depicting the artists studio workshop. Taken in early 2023 whilst cataloguing the artists works.</br></br>'Through the creative process, you learn to have honest conversations with yourself. That leads inevitably to peace in your life. That’s a gift of positivity.' ~ Wayan Suastama’s a gift of positivity.' ~ Wayan Suastama)
• Dewi Dian Reich  + (Reflecting on the nature of Time and our r … Reflecting on the nature of Time and our relationship to the Earth and Spirit through a conceptual journey. Ref exhibition guide </br></br>https://sawidji.com/2022/12/13/kala-and-the-guardians-a-timely-reflection/</br></br>Kala is known to come with many definitions. Among these are time, death, performing arts, and specific deities in Hinduism, Javanese and Balinese mythologies. Yet, despite the many origin stories, there is a connecting thread that Kala is all of those manifestations. However, in this Collaboration, Kala is our canvas. Here Kala is defined specifically through her manifestation as TIME. </br></br>Kala is experienced through the conceptual portraits of the two Guardians representing our Earthly World and our Spiritual World. The portraits of the Guardians of Earth and Spirit were created through a combination of installations and the photography of Dewi Dian and ManButur Suantara. The paintings of Nyoman Handi respond to the questions and reflections raised by the Guardian portraits.lections raised by the Guardian portraits.)
• Tjandra Hutama  + (Rejang is a sacred Balinese dance, a sacri … Rejang is a sacred Balinese dance, a sacrificial dance in which the girls symbolically offer themselves to the gods. It is held in the Hindu Temples of Klungkung Regency and Karangasem Regency in Bali, Indonesia. ‘Rejang’ means ‘offering’. This dance is performed to greet the gods that descend to the Earth.</br></br>In this series ‘Rejang, a Beautiful Reminder of Impermanence’, the themes of beauty, impermanence and time are explored. Tjandra Hutama has won many awards in photography competitions. It is the saturation of pictorial beauty that he encountered throughout those years that prompted this need to reflect something deeper about our perception of beauty. To remind us of its impermanence and of its limitations.</br>(Read full article at Sawidji Gallery reference cited)rticle at Sawidji Gallery reference cited))
• Dewi Dian Reich  +
• Nyoman Butur Suantara  + (Tari Topeng Wayang Wong at Pura Taman Pule … Tari Topeng Wayang Wong at Pura Taman Pule. In the moments before the ceremony.., quiet, sombre and unmasked.</br>The next chapter of the Living Maks of Bali: Sacred Wayang Wong of Pura Taman Pule. The portraits taken by ManButur are part of a series in an article 'Dancing Memories of Wayang Wong' by Sawidji Gallery.mories of Wayang Wong' by Sawidji Gallery.)
• Putu Marmar Herayukti  + (The imposing 600 by 400 by 250 cm wood and … The imposing 600 by 400 by 250 cm wood and papier-mâché sculpture had an important, timely message. Made from sustainable items with traditional Balinese techniques that pushed the levels of materiality, ‘Pejuang Adat’ (Indigenous Warriors), was the artist’s bold call to his people. A traditional sailing vessel perched dangerously upon the crest of a wave and destined for disaster, ‘Pejuang Adat’ is a metaphor for the current plight of the Balinese society, that according to the artist, lacks in leadership and is without a strong vision for the future.is without a strong vision for the future.)
• Putu Sucita Yanthy  + (The number of Balinese women taking touris … The number of Balinese women taking tourism education at various levels appears to be increasing in line with the development of tourism education institutions and the tourism industry in Bali. This article analyzes the motivation of Balinese women in pursuing higher education in tourism, starting from the Bachelor level to the doctoral program. By applying a qualitative method, this article collects data through interviews with 30 Balinese women who have taken tourism education at various levels. The results show that Balinese women are motivated to take tourism education</br>for several reasons, including the motivation to get a job in the tourism sector, they have families who work in the tourism sector, and they live in Bali which has more job opportunities in the tourism sector. By taking tourism education, Balinese women who were informants in this study proved that they had found better jobs and career opportunities in the tourism industry. Their experiences have also become a source of inspiration for other Balinese women to take the same career path.linese women to take the same career path.)
• Margaret Coldiron  + (The visual and choreographic parallels bet … The visual and choreographic parallels between Japanese and Balinese mask traditions are striking, and, though the exact interrelationship between masks of these two cultures cannot be proven with historically verifiable data, juxtaposition of the similar genres is useful for understanding mask dance. The masks discussed are the dog/lions Shishi ( Japan) and Barong (Bali), the witch-like Hannya ( Japan) and Rangda (Bali), and the sacred old men Okina ( Japan) and Sidha Karya (Bali). Possible links include cultural diffusion and patterns of human perception. However, the visual language in which these mask characters are expressed and the mythology that delineates them probably comes from Indian Tantric models.probably comes from Indian Tantric models.)
• Mark Hobart  + (This article aims to bring the intellectua … This article aims to bring the intellectual rigour of Cultural Studies to Balinese ideas about culture which confuse culture with ideology. Cultural Studies is not the study of culture, but its critique which deconstructs culture as misrepresenting actuality as an Imaginary convenient to regimes of power. The New Order articulated ‘kebudayaan’ to create a submissive populace happy to embrace global tourism. Culture is no longer how how people do things but marketable commodities posturing as ‘ancient tradition’. Bali as paradise is a cliché. The island now fulfils Madame Suharto’s dream of Disneyland. The capitalist fantasy of endless cost-free growth bears no resemblance to the sophisticated Balinese cosmology of Kali-Yuga, which ends in cataclysmic dissolution; or to popular ideas of the world as ceaseless transforming. Although kebudayaan dismisses ordinary people as stupid masses, they often escape the ideological straitjacket of kebudayaan by just getting on with culture as everyday life. getting on with culture as everyday life.)
• David Metcalf  + (This is a very popular dance in the villag … This is a very popular dance in the villages whose origins go back to the 1930’s. Also called the Love dance, it is performed by 10 young ( unmarried) couples, and involves singing and dancing to the gambelan and flirtatious movements. Janger means infatuation, so the young ladies and men flirt with each other during the dance creating a happy, fun and sometimes humorous connection.</br></br>The performers had practised this dance in Pesalakan village , a traditional village about 15 minutes from Ubud centre, for many months before, as many had never danced before.</br></br>So this was a revival of the culture through dance which is so important to witness with the many modern influencers impacting culture on the island of the gods.</br></br>One of the main aims of the Togetherness Project is to preserve and revive the culture among the younger generation, and this dance is a wonderful example of togetherness, as it brought the youth together to practise and express their culture.her to practise and express their culture.)
• Dewi Dian Reich  + (This is an image of 'Pelinggih Pemuun' an altar typically erected where there are large sacred trees. Often in Temple areas. This Pelinggih is one located in Pura Gunung Lebah in Campuhan Ubud.)
• Margaret Coldiron  + (This paper charts the increasing involveme … This paper charts the increasing involvement of women performers in Balinese topeng (mask dance) and emerged from discussions and emails among the authors. Following an overview explaining women’s traditional absence from this form and noting the pioneering women who have been at the forefront of change, the authors discuss how, as non-Balinese female performers and researchers, they discovered that they shared many similar stories, curiosities, and challenges relating to their training and experiences. Their insights provide a detailed picture of some important issues for women in Asian theatre.portant issues for women in Asian theatre.)
• Kadek Sudiasa  + (Topeng Tuli is part of Topeng Bondres. It … Topeng Tuli is part of Topeng Bondres. It was performed in the past as entertainment during ceremonies and community events. This mask was made by Kadek Sudiasa for 'World Without Sound, an Anthology' Exhibition at Sawidji Gallery.</br></br>"Those who can not hear, do not think lightly or less of them.. because they have something extra, something special that other people may not have. God's creation is full of balance and fairness. If they do not have enough in their power of hearing.. they have something else that is extra that we may not see." ~ Kadek Sudiasaxtra that we may not see." ~ Kadek Sudiasa)
• Dewi Dian Reich  + (World Without Sound is an Anthology of art … World Without Sound is an Anthology of art and thought.With contributions from Putu Suasta, Warih Wisatsana, Made Kaek, Putu Bonuz, Ellen Lane, Made Artawa, Wayan Suastama, Agung Putra, Made Delo Budiarta, Nyoman Handi, Tjandra Hutama, Made Somadita, David Hopkins, Kadek Sudiasa, ManButur Suantara, Sun Rong Fang, Wayan Juniari, Dewi Dian Reich.</br></br>Sawidji has collated together a series of artworks and poetry for this special presentation. It is an anthology. This theme of ‘World Without Sound’ was inspired by the wonderful experiences we had in working together with the Sushrusa Deaf School Community. Not simply about raising awareness about those with differences in our community and sign language. Perhaps even more remarkable, is experiencing the reality of the nature of inclusivity. As a powerful value that nurtures a growing collective empathy.</br></br>Most art exhibitions have one primary objective and that is to feature and highlight artworks and artists. This is by no means very different. However, perhaps the spirit of which this was put together is a little different. Somewhat experimental that it could not be foreseen what will be the result. We invited those in our community, whether it be social, digital or local to participate in a contemplation. To contemplate the concept of ‘Dunia Tanpa Suara’. This translates to ‘World Without Sound’ (though may also be translated to ‘World without voice’). To contribute to this reflection using a creative piece.</br></br>The Spirit of Inclusivity</br></br>Our invitation was done in the spirit of inclusivity. It was not only artists but also other members of the community who felt reflections on this theme were worthwhile. With the time and space, we have available we can only say a heartfelt thank you to everyone. Those whose works and contributions made it possible for us to present this anthology. One for all of our community to enjoy. It is so so very rich with insight and learning. One that is deep with life lessons from all directions of life experiences.</br></br>With such personal freedom and intimacy, everyone came to their private message about their imagine ‘World Without Sound’. For each realisation in every individual, it is a lesson of wisdom, empathy or simply of beauty that we can partake in. </br>ur heartfelt gratitude to everyone who opened themselves and generously shared their time, creations and thoughts with us. We are honoured by the generosity of the talented artists and writers who have come together in this anthology of art and thought, living the very spirit of inclusivity.</br></br>Online Exhibition available for viewing at Sawidji.com https://sawidji.com/2023/04/16/world-without-sound-an-anthology/23/04/16/world-without-sound-an-anthology/)
• Putu Eka Guna Yasa  + (Wreastra script is a Balinese script which … Wreastra script is a Balinese script which has 18 characters, namely Ha, Na, Ca, Ra, Ka, Da, Ta, Sa, Wa, La, Ma, Ga, Ba, Nga, Pa, Ja, Yes, and Nya. The Balinese script is different from the Javanese script when it comes to the number and shape. The development of the Balinese script cannot be separated from the story of Sang Aji Saka which developed in Java. This Baligraphic work on the Wreastra script is divided into seven works, namely Ha-Na, Ca-Ra-Ka, Ga-Ta, Ma-Nga-Ba, Sa-Wa-La, Pa-Da, and Ja-Ya-Nya which means there is a bodyguard who fights with his power. This large-sized calligraphy is made on canvas with a wooden frame placed at the Lontar Unit of Udayana University. at the Lontar Unit of Udayana University.)
• Putu Eka Guna Yasa  + (Wreastra script is a Balinese script which … Wreastra script is a Balinese script which has 18 characters, namely Ha, Na, Ca, Ra, Ka, Da, Ta, Sa, Wa, La, Ma, Ga, Ba, Nga, Pa, Ja, Yes, and Nya. The Balinese script is different from the Javanese script when it comes to the number and shape. The development of the Balinese script cannot be separated from the story of Sang Aji Saka which developed in Java. This Baligraphic work on the Wreastra script is divided into seven works, namely Ha-Na, Ca-Ra-Ka, Ga-Ta, Ma-Nga-Ba, Sa-Wa-La, Pa-Da, and Ja-Ya-Nya which means there is a bodyguard who fights with his power. This large-sized calligraphy is made on canvas with a wooden frame placed at the Lontar Unit of Udayana University. at the Lontar Unit of Udayana University.)
• Putu Eka Guna Yasa  + (Wreastra script is a Balinese script which … Wreastra script is a Balinese script which has 18 characters, namely Ha, Na, Ca, Ra, Ka, Da, Ta, Sa, Wa, La, Ma, Ga, Ba, Nga, Pa, Ja, Yes, and Nya. The Balinese script is different from the Javanese script when it comes to the number and shape. The development of the Balinese script cannot be separated from the story of Sang Aji Saka which developed in Java. This Baligraphic work on the Wreastra script is divided into seven works, namely Ha-Na, Ca-Ra-Ka, Ga-Ta, Ma-Nga-Ba, Sa-Wa-La, Pa-Da, and Ja-Ya-Nya which means there is a bodyguard who fights with his power. This large-sized calligraphy is made on canvas with a wooden frame placed at the Lontar Unit of Udayana University. at the Lontar Unit of Udayana University.)
• Putu Eka Guna Yasa  + (Wreastra script is a Balinese script which … Wreastra script is a Balinese script which has 18 characters, namely Ha, Na, Ca, Ra, Ka, Da, Ta, Sa, Wa, La, Ma, Ga, Ba, Nga, Pa, Ja, Yes, and Nya. The Balinese script is different from the Javanese script when it comes to the number and shape. The development of the Balinese script cannot be separated from the story of Sang Aji Saka which developed in Java. This Baligraphic work on the Wreastra script is divided into seven works, namely Ha-Na, Ca-Ra-Ka, Ga-Ta, Ma-Nga-Ba, Sa-Wa-La, Pa-Da, and Ja-Ya-Nya which means there is a bodyguard who fights with his power. This large-sized calligraphy is made on canvas with a wooden frame placed at the Lontar Unit of Udayana University. at the Lontar Unit of Udayana University.)
• Putu Eka Guna Yasa  + (Wreastra script is a Balinese script which … Wreastra script is a Balinese script which has 18 characters, namely Ha, Na, Ca, Ra, Ka, Da, Ta, Sa, Wa, La, Ma, Ga, Ba, Nga, Pa, Ja, Yes, and Nya. The Balinese script is different from the Javanese script when it comes to the number and shape. The development of the Balinese script cannot be separated from the story of Sang Aji Saka which developed in Java. This Baligraphic work on the Wreastra script is divided into seven works, namely Ha-Na, Ca-Ra-Ka, Ga-Ta, Ma-Nga-Ba, Sa-Wa-La, Pa-Da, and Ja-Ya-Nya which means there is a bodyguard who fights with his power. This large-sized calligraphy is made on canvas with a wooden frame placed at the Lontar Unit of Udayana University. at the Lontar Unit of Udayana University.)
• Putu Eka Guna Yasa  + (Wreastra script is a Balinese script which … Wreastra script is a Balinese script which has 18 characters, namely Ha, Na, Ca, Ra, Ka, Da, Ta, Sa, Wa, La, Ma, Ga, Ba, Nga, Pa, Ja, Yes, and Nya. The Balinese script is different from the Javanese script when it comes to the number and shape. The development of the Balinese script cannot be separated from the story of Sang Aji Saka which developed in Java. This Baligraphic work on the Wreastra script is divided into seven works, namely Ha-Na, Ca-Ra-Ka, Ga-Ta, Ma-Nga-Ba, Sa-Wa-La, Pa-Da, and Ja-Ya-Nya which means there is a bodyguard who fights with his power. This large-sized calligraphy is made on canvas with a wooden frame placed at the Lontar Unit of Udayana University. at the Lontar Unit of Udayana University.)
• Putu Eka Guna Yasa  + (Wreastra script is a Balinese script which … Wreastra script is a Balinese script which has 18 characters, namely Ha, Na, Ca, Ra, Ka, Da, Ta, Sa, Wa, La, Ma, Ga, Ba, Nga, Pa, Ja, Yes, and Nya. The Balinese script is different from the Javanese script when it comes to the number and shape. The development of the Balinese script cannot be separated from the story of Sang Aji Saka which developed in Java. This Baligraphic work on the Wreastra script is divided into seven works, namely Ha-Na, Ca-Ra-Ka, Ga-Ta, Ma-Nga-Ba, Sa-Wa-La, Pa-Da, and Ja-Ya-Nya which means there is a bodyguard who fights with his power. This large-sized calligraphy is made on canvas with a wooden frame placed at the Lontar Unit of Udayana University. at the Lontar Unit of Udayana University.)
• Nyoman Butur Suantara  + (“Magic is seeing wonder in nature's every … “Magic is seeing wonder in nature's every little thing, seeing how wonderful the fireflies are and how magical are the dragonflies.” </br>― Ama H.Vanniarachchy</br>Photography by ManButur Suantara that explores Macro photography, specifically only using natural light in natural environments with no staging.</br></br>The dictionary definition of Macro Photography is simply taking a picture extremely close up, bigger than life-size. </br></br>Macro photography is all about showcasing a subject larger than it is in real life — an extreme close-up of something small. A full-frame insect in a five-by-seven-inch photo and a four-inch product shot of a cornflake go well above life-size: both are examples of macro photography. - both are examples of macro photography. -)

• Dewi Dian Reich  + (Sangeh Monkey Forest. A Forest Memory, the … Sangeh Monkey Forest.</br>A Forest Memory, the Power of Memory and the Secrets of a Sacred Forest</br>Memory is mysterious. Memory can hold such power over us over a lifetime. It can be strong and clear or hazy and weak. Whether we see Memory or not, it is there, taking residence in the back of our minds. Shaping our perceptions, our actions and choices. Memory shapes us from very early on. This recording of our experiences. The stories that get replayed in our minds that tells us who we are. Where we come from and perhaps where we belong. we come from and perhaps where we belong.)

• Gede Suanda  + ('Spiritual Healing’ 2022 is Sayur’s most … 'Spiritual Healing’ 2022 is Sayur’s most recent painting and a light-hearted response to Bali as an international spiritual tourist mecca. Beautiful soft colours and visual rhythms highlight the composition, an interesting fusion of creative influences inherited from his culture and others inspired by other painters. First, the soothing blue sky makes way for graceful curving lines of brown and orange clouds. Next, our eyes are drawn to the conical shape of the volcanic peak and immediately follow the gentle rhythm of the smoke wafting from the crater. Sayur’s description of the smoke is a modification of the cloud motif taken from the Classical Balinese style.</br>Harmonic colouration catches the eye. Two white herons on both sides of the smoke create a dynamic sense of movement, emphasising the bird’s motion of flight—our eye dances in tune, one-two-three, observing the icons. As we continue down the composition, the green foliage of the forest captures our attention. The visual rhythm changes again as our eye circumnavigates the leaves. The vertical lines of the tree allow the eye to sweep up and down the elongated trunks. To the right, the artist entertains us with other information, tall palms, curvaceous rice terraces, and round coconuts. He depicts a kite trapped in a tree as a simple, humorous distraction.</br></br>The focal point of the composition is the three figures. A Balinese woman carries an offering upon her head. A pale-skinned female tourist with her palms raised and water pouring onto her head participates in a Balinese cleansing ritual called melukat. A monkey upon a brown rock watches on with a grin of delight as he pushes a toy boat into the spring. The swirling curves on the stone are the artist’s modification of a classical icon. The visual rhythms change as the eye flows around the arcs of the figures, each with differing dimensions, colouration and feeling. Finally, we follow the shape of the skimpy blue G-string as it disappears into the tourists behind.as it disappears into the tourists behind.)
• Drs. I Wayan Selat Wirata  + (A literary work of Poetry that tells about how to farm in the fields)
• Drs. I Wayan Selat Wirata  + (A modern Balinese literary work that tells the story of a grandmother who supports herself who is thought to have occult knowledge)
• Putu Ayu Sani Utami  + (Aim: Stress in the elderly are feeling dep … Aim: Stress in the elderly are feeling depressed, anxious, and tense caused by stressors such as physical, mental, and social changes that affects their emotional status and cause diseases. Stress management in elderly can be done by reminiscence therapy that use memory of the past to maintain elderly’s mental health. This study aims to determine the effect of reminiscence therapy to stress on elderly Method: The design of this research was quasi-experimental using nonequivalent control group design. The samples consisted of 34 elderly were selected by purposive sampling, divided into 17 elderly in treatment group and 17 elderly in control group, and data collection was done using the Stress Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ). Result: Test analysis result of Independent Sample T-Test with a significance level of 95% was concluded there are significant effect of reminiscence therapy to stress in the elderly. Conclusion: Activities by recalled memories of the past can help elderly people to interact and express their feeling to family and friends so that the elderly are able to adapt to stress.t the elderly are able to adapt to stress.)
• Arie Smit  + (Article from Bali Post newspaper May 1980 … Article from Bali Post newspaper May 1980</br></br>Bali Post English Edition, May 1980</br>Conversation with Arie Smit</br>The name is synonymous for many with the 'Young Artist' movement of Penestanan, Ubud- a name that inevitably crops up when one studies the modern evolution of Balinese art. Some people feel that the introduction of the 'Young Artist' movement has only led to a crass form of art whose only merit is commercial, others feel that it is too 'un Balinese'.</br>Arie Smit himself doesn't elaborate much on his role in initiating this new school of art, he considers his role as that of a mere 'suggester'. He implies that he never taught the 'Young Artist's any fundamental concepts or techniques, insisting that he works not on "putting in but bringing out". He claims that he is more interested in the mental states and environment that influence art, the people and the culture that characterise it.</br>His romance with the imagery of Bali is on-going: "Bali is a bulwark of images" and though he admits that this source of inspiration is eventually limited, he cannot shake his passion for it. Perhaps this is a direct result of his philosophy of art, a philosophy that has been tested and refined over the many years that he has spent in Indonesia (he became an Indonesian citizen in 1951).</br>His fascination with Balinese imagery is linked with his interest in 'Child Art'. Fittingly his contribution to Bali has been to provide a vehicle for Naive Art in the ‘Young Artist’ movement.</br>To explain the beginnings and motives for this he takes us back to the Fifties when he was in Bandung. At the time he was working for the Publishing house "Masa Baru” as a lithographer. One of his colleagues was the Dutch born Rina Marsman, a remarkable woman who had once tutored Queen Wilhelmina’s children in exile during WWII.</br>Her extensive knowledge in the field of education led involvement in the area in Indonesia, a country she had learned to love. Rina Marsman had the foresight to include a formidable library of books on the subject amongst the possessions she brought to Indonesia. Arie Smit took full advantage of this opportunity to plunge into books on education and “child art”.</br>Prompted by her, he began working part time teaching members of the Yayasan Beribu organization (made up of influential society women of the time) in education techniques. The Yayasan Beribu was chaired by Mrs. Mary Effendy Saleh, whose husband was in charge of Indonesia's railroads at the time. Rina Marsman was bringing the latest education techniques to this group who in turn were to teach children.</br>In the spare time that he had Arie Smit managed to paint. Out of this set of circumstances grew the first real momentum towards the 'Young Artists'. At one point he was teaching lithography to Bandung's ITB (Technical Institute) students - and through this decided to mount an exhibition there. Via his contact with Mrs. Saleh he managed to distribute art materials to the children of railway workers. "These children drew what they saw around them, and the realities that they lived with. Children can only draw what they have experienced, their own mental environment - and it's spontaneous, non-intellectual...". It fascinated him to see the readiness with which children drew their world, the power of their observation - "there were locomotives, carriages, derailments (it was during the Darul Islam terrorist times), and we noticed that although fundamentally the same there were slight differences between the girls and the boys: the girls would sometimes put in a nurse!" The exhibition was a success. </br>Again when staying near Puncak on the Jakarta-Bandung route he would notice how the village children had 'spontaneously' acquired a catalogue-like knowledge of motor vehicle makes and specifications. He set about experimenting, providing these children with art materials. Once more there was a spontaneous outpouring of the details of their environment, the same overwhelming power of observation. He undertook these experiments wherever he went in Indonesia.</br>When he first arrived in Ball in 1956 he followed the same pattern. It proved to be a surprise: "It just all came pouring out. As there were no cars, ships, etc. then, they naturally drew what was in their environment. But the quality of their imagination was fantastic, the scope of the Balinese children was tremendous: dances, witches, cremations...” He noticed an emphasis on religion and ceremony, a factor he attributed to the wealth of the culture. But for him the most surprising aspect of these drawings was not the subject matter: “They did not depict objects from their immediate environment, or what was static in their surroundings, they almost always drew or painted what was about to happen. They were always anticipating events to come, such as the cremation next week or the dance the following night..” In all his experiments this 'anticipation' was unique to Bali: the tendency of children's imagination to project into the future.</br>It was precisely this type of exotic material that was to prove of interest to foreigners in Indonesia. In 1960 Arie Smit chose Penestanan as the site for his major ‘experiment’, the ‘Young Artist’ movement. It was a poor village virtually owned by neighbouring landowners who used their labor. Arie Smit began by bartering their first paintings for art materials from foreigners working in Jakarta. “During Sukarno's time art supplies were almost impossible to obtain - this source of supplies was vital to the movement". It grew and grew, and other intermediaries began to play a more active role in the marketing (Jimmy Pandy was one who in Arie's memory was most helpful). On the other hand others had to be convinced and won over - yet when these dealers finally started marketing Young Artists they were surprised to see it become one of the fastest selling items</br>An exhibition in Jakarta several weeks after Gunung Agung erupted was a roaring success, partly because Bali was the focus of public sympathy at the time. For Arie Smit it was a relief to get away from the marketing once things were rolling along by themselves - he never relished the role of salesman. "But it was mainly the diligence and industriousness of these painters that kept me going, I felt that I couldn't let them down.”</br>Despite the fact that the movement has now proliferated tremendously ("Nowadays even an expert would have a hard time wading through all these paintings”) he feels that the best of the Young Artist remain the same 40 that he started off - though they are hardly young anymore.</br>Getting back to 'child art’ Arie states again that all naive painting is a spontaneous, symbolic rendering of the ‘environment’ of the painter. He points out that the Balinese have a tremendous power or vision, and feels that they have no need to work from models or to do life sketches. Arie feels that human beings were never the all-important center of the Balinese Cosmos, and says that the renaissance emphasis on man as the center of the Universe is completely foreign to the Balinese. Thus, at least for Arie Smit, the Young Artist is closer to real Balinese art than the art of those influenced by Bonnet: According to him the 'real Balinese' art is embodied in the paintings that came out of Batuan during the Thirties - the depiction of the various different worlds, the symbolic style. Young Artists, by painting from their own imagination in an essentially symbolic style are closer to this Balinese concept of art than any other ‘modern movement’.</br>One of the important traits of ‘child art’ is the exemption of the intellectualization process - Arie worked mainly with young people under the age of 17, the age around which he says "comes an intellectual crisis. The intellect interferes with the direct expression of the imagination, sometimes to the point where hesitation blocks the expression completely." How did the children of the 60's, the young Artists of Penestanan, cope with growing up?</br>He admits that they ran into a couple of crisis points, where ‘intellectual’ concepts began to interfere with their free expression.</br>Despite his principle of non-interference he finally was compelled to step in: "I watched if for some time, letting it go. But at a certain point I had to re-suggest, to re-affirm their confidence in their own power of vision”.</br>He is obsessed with the ‘power of Balinese vision' - the ability to absorb details, the power of the imagination to recall.</br>When one questions the apparent stagnation of Balinese art, especially that of the Young Artists he admits that there is a need for new directions, not only now but continually. "But total freedom of expression is not an Asian trait. Asians, including Balinese, are more concerned with achieving perfection through repetition."</br>He thinks that this maybe the reason that so many Western Art. movements run dry so quickly, because of the tremendous pressure to create something new all the time, every time! To the oriental there is no such stigma attached to repetition. </br>His work with the Balinese has been one of careful balance between new inspiration and tradition, it was never easy. And not always welcome: once when residing in Ubud at Puri Kaleran, he tried to initiate some girls into painting. "It was back in the Fifties. Some of the girls were quite talented - but unfortunately the banjar community objected." Not only was painting not a woman's role, but for these young maidens to be working in the house of a bachelor was out of the question!</br>Rio Helmiachelor was out of the question! Rio Helmi)
• Anak Agung Gde Putera Semadi  + (Bali tourism performance art is a form of … Bali tourism performance art is a form of an art which is purposely processed to be served to tourists. This art has theatrical and spectacular characteristics which accentuate visual attractiveness more than scared, magical, and symbolic values. Some kinds of art such as Legong Dance, Ramayana Ballet, Barong and Keris Dance, Monkey Dance, Face Mask Dance, and Shadow Puppet Dance have been being main menu of art spectacle in Bali. Bali tourism performance art has appeared in a new package since 1980. This concept was dominantly affected by postmodern aesthetic characteristics such as: Pastiche, Parody, Kitsch, Camp, and Skizofrenia. Its purpose was to make performance art became more exotic which was related to economic interest. Therefore, many Bali cultural art activities included its sacred value have been eroded by a fast and fantastic secularization process in both quality and quantity.tion process in both quality and quantity.)
• NDM Santi Diwyarthi  + (Bali, including museums, is involved in th … Bali, including museums, is involved in the millennial 4.0 tourism industry. Museum management can no longer be inclusive without borderless and out of the box analysis and application. Museums are one of the means of communication in today's millennial society which must be studied for their benefits in the tourism industry. The research method is quantitative and qualitative, using research instruments in the form of questionnaires, interviews, documentation studies, with the population of museum visitors in Bali. The results showed that most of the guests who visited the museum were people who had studied information related to the museum beforehand, namely 52 percent, 52 percent would write their travel stories to visit the museum, 80 percent would promote the existence of the museum through the internet, 92 percent knew the history of the museum to be visited. and founders, 60 percent will re-promote to others. 40 percent will return to visit the same museum.cent will return to visit the same museum.)
• NDM Santi Diwyarthi  + (Bali, including museums, is involved in th … Bali, including museums, is involved in the millennial era tourism industry. Museum management can no longer be inclusive without borderless and out of the box analysis and application. The museum is one of the means of communication in the middle of millennial society today that must be examined its benefits in the tourism industry. The research method is qualitative, using research instruments in the form of questionnaires, interviews, documentation studies, with a population of museum visitors in Bali. The results showed that most of the visitors who visited the museum were people who had studied museum related</br>information first, namely 52 percent, 52 percent would write the story of their trip to visit the museum, 80 percent would promote the existence of the museum through the internet, 92 percent knew the museum's history that would visited and its</br>founder, 60 percent will promote back to others. 40 percent will return to visit the same museum.cent will return to visit the same museum.)
• Ni Luh Sutjiati Beratha  + (Balinese people who live at Ubud Village i … Balinese people who live at Ubud Village in Gianyar Regency are bilingual because </br>they have mastered more than one language. In the environment of Balinese language, there also live other languages, e.g. the national language, i.e. Indonesian language, foreign languages such as English, Japanese, Mandarin, Korea, etc. Balinese people nowadays have difficulties in using Balinese language so they use mixed languages, namely Balinese language with Indonesian language, with English language, with Mandarin or Korean Language, etc. This phenomenon might indicate that Balinese language appears to be marginalized. This paper aims at investigating what languages are used in Balinese language environment, since by tradition, ecological locality is very important to be explained because it has strong relation to the sustainability of the use of Balinese language, and natural environment with its diversity. Sociocultural approach, i.e. using the concept of language diversity related to the use of language is applied in this paper. In addition, qualitative method is </br>applied by using observation technique and in-depth interview in collecting the data and information. Theories related to the use of language is used to analyze the data.</br>The result of the study shows that the marginalization of Balinese language appears to exist because there are various ethnic groups of immigrants who live in this village. The village of Ubud is already occupied by expatriates who deliberately come to Bali and settle at Ubud. The reasons why they choose Ubud Village, </br>among others is business they own in tourism sector, the occurrence of intermarriages between Balinese people at Ubud and foreigners (such as Italian, Australian, French, Spaniard, etc), Balinese arts and cultures,etc. This condition affects the choice and use of languages.n affects the choice and use of languages.)
• Brett Hough  + (Bali’s history is made up of many contradi … Bali’s history is made up of many contradictions. Some of these are intrinsic to Balinese culture and society; others are due to the experience of colonisation by the Dutch and the result of incorporation into the nation-state of Indonesia. Others still stem from forces of modernisation, globalisation, tourism and consumerism. The authors of Bali’s Silent Crisis: Desire, Tragedy and Transition highlight these contradictions to reveal underlying problems that continue to shape, influence and in certain ways, haunt daily life in Bali. They contend that these forces and associated changes have resulted in deep psychological and cultural trauma that remains largely unacknowledged – hence a ‘silent crisis’ – and runs counter to the discourse of Bali as a paradise.</br>The authors have lived and worked in Indonesia over many years, with much of that time in Bali. With academic backgrounds in cultural studies and health promotion they bring an interesting perspective to their subject and display an obvious concern for the long-term psychological health of Balinese caught up in the profound processes of change, violence, and desire that are encapsulated in the subtitle of their book. From the outset we get a very strong sense of their motivation in researching and writing the book and their commitment to Balinese friends and colleagues. It is clear they have a great deal of affection for their subjects and come to their conclusions based on a long-term engagement with Bali.</br>The full review of the book is available in: https://www.insideindonesia.org/review-bali-s-silent-crisis?highlight=WyJiYWxpIiwiYmFsaSdzIiwiJ2JhbGkiLCJiYWxpJyIsImJhbGknLiIsIidiYWxpJ3MiLCJiYWxpJywiLCJiYWxpcycuIl0%3DIidiYWxpJ3MiLCJiYWxpJywiLCJiYWxpcycuIl0%3D)
• Dewa Ayu Posmaningsih  + (Community participation is a contributing … Community participation is a contributing factor to the success of waste management. Behavioral changes must be instilled from an early age. The Booklet is a suitable medium used for changes in the behavior of elementary school students. The waste sorting material can be more easily explained by using text messages and pictures. Quasi-experimental research with one group pretest and posttest design. The sampling method is Multistage Random sampling large sample taken for research is 90 people at 65 elementary school in South Denpasar. The instrument of this research is a questionnaire, with data retrieval technique done through interview analysis compare mean paired sample t-test. There is the difference of knowledge, attitude, and action before and after counseling method of self- evaluation by media booklet with a value of (p <0.001). Health promotion efforts by optimizing the role of School Health Services. For further research can be done research on the role of teachers and parents in health promotion activities.s and parents in health promotion activities.)
• Ida Ketut Djelantik  + (Geguritan Sucita-Subudi is one of his work … Geguritan Sucita-Subudi is one of his works that is known to many people, why is that? Because this geguritan contains Balinese cultural concepts such as Dharma, Tri Hita Karana, Kala Patra Village, Rwa Bhineda, and Karmaphala. </br></br>Dharma is one of the important concepts in Hinduism. Dharma is often equated with truth, virtue or duty and law. Dharma is likened to a smooth and very cool path that can protect and help people who follow that path from disaster. One who practices the Dharma is called "Dharmika". People who practice dharma only want one thing that is eternal and eternal happiness not the false happiness caused by worldly things. </br></br>Tri Hita Karana is the concept of harmonious relationship that can bring happiness. The harmony of the relationship includes three things, namely the harmony of human relations with God, the harmony of human relations with fellow humans and the harmony of human relations with the surrounding natural environment. In the Geguritan Sucita-Subudi, the concept of harmony between humans and God is called an unreal or spiritual relationship, while the concept of harmony between humans and humans and the relationship between humans and the natural environment. </br></br>Rwa Bhineda is a dualistic concept that reflects two opposite categories in life, such as good and bad or positive and negative. In the Geguritan Sucita-Subudhi, this concept is explained implicitly or indirectly in the expression in something called "Byakta" or something that exists always contains two things that unite. This concept implies that in this world nothing is perfect except God. Everything has advantages and disadvantages at the same time.</br></br>Karmaphala is one of the five belief systems in Hinduism called Panca Sradha. Karmaphala comes from the words karma 'action' and phala 'fruit' which is defined as the result of one's actions. The essence of the notion of karmaphala is that a cause will produce an effect. </br></br>Geguritan Sucita-Subudi consists of 1841 stanzas. Of the many stanzas that are formed by 11 kinds of pupuh. The eleven kinds of pupuh are Sinom, Pangkur, Durma, Ginanda, Ginanti, Kumambang, Warga-sari, Pucung, Semarandhana, and Sadpada Ngisep Sekar. Among these pupuh the most frequently used is the Sinom pupuh, which is 15 times. The use of these pupuhs in the Geguritan Sucita-Subudi is selected and adjusted between the duties or character of each pupuh.een the duties or character of each pupuh.)
• Ni Luh Wida Apriliani, S.Pd  + (Geguritan Tamba Sastra was created at the … Geguritan Tamba Sastra was created at the Literary Creation event, Sastra Saraswati Sewana Pamarisuddha Gering Agung at Puri Kauhan, Ubud. Geguritan Tamba Sastra by Ni Luh Wida Apriliani S.Pd. this is included in the 5 best works in the geguritan category at the Literary Creation event. Geguritan Tamba Sastra is bound by 8 Pupuhs, which include pupuh sinom, pupuh sembaradana, pupuh maskumambang, pupuh pucung, pupuh pangkur, pupuh ginanti, pupuh ginada and also pupuh durma.</br>This geguritan is very interesting because it tells about the beginning of the Corona virus that hit the world, especially in Indonesia where Mother Earth experienced a very deep sorrow that was hit by Covid-19. Various ways have been done to prevent this virus but because for so long this virus has caused the condition of society to be increasingly destroyed due to not working, according to the economy, many people have committed crimes because of the many criminal acts that have occurred in Indonesia. And in the end, the President of Indonesia, Mr. Jokowi, remembered one very important thing in life, where these guidelines are the main key to literature, namely Pancasila, which is the 5 foundations of the Republic of Indonesia. The Corona virus is actually a medicine, not a disease because it makes us aware of the 5 important things contained in the 5 basic principles of our country, namely Pancasila.</br></br>The values contained in Geguritan Tamba Sastra are religious values, social values and also human values.lues, social values and also human values.)
• Richard Fox  + (Grounded in ethnographic and archival rese … Grounded in ethnographic and archival research on the Indonesian island of Bali, More Than Words challenges conventional understandings of textuality and writing as they pertain to the religious traditions of Southeast Asia. Through a nuanced study of Balinese script as employed in rites of healing, sorcery, and self-defense, Richard Fox explores the aims and desires embodied in the production and use of palm-leaf manuscripts, amulets, and other inscribed objects.</br></br>Balinese often attribute both life and independent volition to manuscripts and copperplate inscriptions, presenting them with elaborate offerings. Commonly addressed with personal honorifics, these script-bearing objects may become partners with humans and other sentient beings in relations of exchange and mutual obligation. The question is how such practices of "the living letter" may be related to more recently emergent conceptions of writing—linked to academic philology, reform Hinduism, and local politics—which take Balinese letters to be a symbol of cultural heritage, and a neutral medium for the transmission of textual meaning. More than Words shows how Balinese practices of apotropaic writing—on palm-leaves, amulets, and bodies—challenge these notions, and yet coexist alongside them. Reflecting on this coexistence, Fox develops a theoretical approach to writing centered on the premise that such contradictory sensibilities hold wider significance than previously recognized for the history and practice of religion in Southeast Asia and beyond. of religion in Southeast Asia and beyond.)
• I Nengah Jati  + (He has one of the kidung literary works en … He has one of the kidung literary works entitled tungtung urip, tungtung urip himself tells how the situation and conditions from the covid-19 pandemic are, how the condition of the community in dealing with the virus must always think positively and always comply with health protocols.y and always comply with health protocols.)
• I Nyoman Ekaputra, S.Sos M.AP  + (It is said that Rsi Markandeya had a wife … It is said that Rsi Markandeya had a wife named Dewi Dumara and then had a son named Rsi Dewa Sirah Pertami and Bhujangga Vaishnava. It is said that Rsi Markandeya was imprisoned on Mount Hyangg, it turned out that there he got many disturbances and then he moved to be imprisoned on Mount Raung, there he received a word from Hyang Jagat Natha who asked him to graze the forest to become rice fields and gardens to the Java area to the east. Then Rsi Markandeya penetrated the forest with yadnya facilities smoothly. After that he succeeded in making rice fields, mining gold and parts of it in the forest which was named Basukih Karanin Village. Named Basukih Karanin Village because there is no shortage of anything there or it can be said to be prosperous. There he planted five datu, gold, silver, copper and others. And also this Rsi Markandeya has another name, namely Ida Maha Rsi Hyang Nerada Tapa.me, namely Ida Maha Rsi Hyang Nerada Tapa.)
• I Made Santika  + (Kidung Roga Mariana is one of the 5 best s … Kidung Roga Mariana is one of the 5 best songs at the Saraswati Sewana Literary Event which took place at Puri Kauhan Ubud. This song was created by a young writer who is still pursuing his final education at the Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Udayana University by taking the Balinese Literature Study Program. He who was born on January 4, 2000 is the son of a great writer, namely Mr. I Made Degung and Mrs. Ni Ketut Sutarmi. So many achievements that he has achieved, one of which has created his first song and became one of the best kidung. In Kidung Roga Mariana, it tells about eliminating an existing disaster or disease. Where the word "Roga" has the meaning of disease or disaster, the word "Mari" has the meaning of eliminating, and the word "Ana" has the meaning of being.d the word "Ana" has the meaning of being.)
• Michael White (Made Wijaya)  + (Made Wijaya wrote his "Stranger in Paradise" articles for the Bali Post. He used to personally sign the early editions which he delivered himself to the various Sanur hotels.)
• I G W Murjana Yasa  + (Main development problem in developing cou … Main development problem in developing country is the contradiction between unemployment and poverty. It is caused by the strong relation between both problems. Poverty in so many cases mostly started by the lack access of productive human source to the job field. The complexity of the problem drive the worldwide commitment in reducing poverty all over the world by the draft of development goals, called Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). To promote the development, the effort to reduce poverty that mainly started by the unemployment must involve the society in participative platform. The participation pattern possibly reducing poverty to be more grounded, strengthen commitment between society in responsibility to reduce unwelfare . The local genius, for instance Lembaga Perkreditan Desa (LPD) that is own by the village association has the strategic role in reducing poverty trough the improvement of its social function beside the main function which is to improve the members welfare. The social function means the commitment and togetherness between member to institution and between members.member to institution and between members.)
• Dewi Susiloningtyas  + (Ngurah Rai Forest Park (Taman Hutan Raya), … Ngurah Rai Forest Park (Taman Hutan Raya), Bali is one of the mangrove forest conservation areas in Indonesia. Usually Ngurah Rai Forest Park, Bali are utilized for the benefit of research, science, education, culture, cultural tourism and recreation. The aim in this study to: (1) analyze perception of the community around Ngurai Rai Forest Park about mangrove ecosystem; (2) analyze participation of the community around Ngurai Rai Forest Park about mangrove management; (3) analyze the correlation between perception and participation of the community around Ngurah Rai Forest Park. The research was conducted in July 2017 in Denpasar, Ngurah Rai Forest Park Bali. This paper was based on primary data taken using questionnaire with a predetermined analysis unit to interview the community in the study area. The result presented with quantitative and descriptive analysis.ith quantitative and descriptive analysis.)
• Gede Benny Setia Wirawan  + (Objective: This study aimed to investigate … Objective: This study aimed to investigate association between conspiracy beliefs, trusts in media and authoritative information sources, with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Methods: We conducted online survey on adult resident of Bali Province, Indonesia in September 14th to October 31st 2020 collecting data on demographics, impacts of the pandemic, conspiracy beliefs, trusts in conventional media and authoritative sources, as well as vaccine acceptance. We conducted bivariate and multivariate analysis for determinants of vaccine acceptance with SPSS 23.0. Results: We recruited 779 respondents with 38.9% male and median age of 24 years old (IQR 20 – 26). The result showed vaccine acceptance of 60.8%. Vaccine acceptance was correlated with conspiracy beliefs, trusts in conventional media and authoritative sources with Spearman's rho of 0.350, 0.269, and 0.287 respectively. Controlling for demographics and impacts of pandemic, showed strong conspiracy beliefs and trust in conventional media as the only independent determinants with OR of 0.33 (CI95% 0.20–0.54) and 1.91 (CI95% 1.37–2.65) respectively. Conclusion: The results indicated considerable impacts of infodemic, represented by conspiracy beliefs, trust in media, and in authoritative sources, toward COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Effective public health messaging should be conducted concurrent with vaccine rollout to improve acceptance and achieve herd immunity.rove acceptance and achieve herd immunity.)
• Putu Dyatmikawati  + (Pada Gelahang marriage is relatively a new … Pada Gelahang marriage is relatively a new form of marriage in traditional community (desa pakraman) in Bali. Commonly the recognized form of marriage is biasa (common) marriage (the wife left her house and joined her husband’s family) and nyentana marriage (the husband left his house and joined his wife’s family). This is the consequence of kapurusa kinship system (patrilineal) in traditional community in Bali. The form of Pada Gelahang marriage was chosen for those who could not hold biasa marriage and nyentana marriage, as each bride and groom was born as the only child in their family. Based on the results of the research, there were found that the numbers of couples who had held pada gelahang marriage were increasing year to year. Based on Balinese customary law, the couples of pada gelahang marriage conduct their responsibilities in two places (double), namely the responsibilities to the family and to her husband’s traditional village, as well the responsibilities to the family and to his wife’s traditional village.ily and to his wife’s traditional village.)
• Drs. I Nyoman Aris  + (Pupuh Kadiri is taken from the sekar madya or kidung piscarana which tells the story of the angel Menaka seducing Sang Ari Dharma who was left behind by his empress.)
• Luh Putu Kirana Pratiwi  + (Sustainable tourism development is directe … Sustainable tourism development is directed at developing environmentally</br>friendly urban tourism. The revitalization of rivers in Denpasar City is one of the work programs of the Denpasar City government that aims to provide ecological education to the surrounding community can also have economic value. Traditionally, the river is a sacred area that deserves to be preserved in realizing the activities in the wisdom of Tri Hita Karana, namely maintaining good relations with God, nature and humans, so that the presence of water in Bali continues to maintain its quality and quantity. An important strategy to find out the potential for ecotourism development in urban areas is the empowerment of surrounding communities in the tourist area. Community empowerment is a vital unit related to physical, material, economic and income aspects, institutional aspects (growth of</br>individual strengths in the form of groups / groups), strength of cooperation,</br>intellectual strength, and shared strength to comply with and apply the principles of empowerment. The principle of ecotourism has an inseparable part by minimizing the negative impact of the surrounding environment through conservation efforts by maintaining the quality of the environment and local culture, as well as being able to empower the economy of the surrounding community. the economy of the surrounding community.)
• Mark Hobart  + (The Imaginary of Bali as paradise stands i … The Imaginary of Bali as paradise stands in stark contrast to what is actually going on. To understand the split requires examining who is authorized to represent Bali as what under what conditions. The issue concerns the nature of argument – whether argumentation and disagreement – and how it disarticulates and marginalize alternatives. The preferred, hegemonic style of argument in Bali is monologue, favoured by those in power, which effectively anticipates and prevents contradiction. By contrast, dialogue is open, democratic and widespread in daily life, but often passes relatively unnoticed. Whereas dialogue enables discussion and problem-solving, monologue re-asserts ideology in the face of uncomfortable actualities. In Bali, the form ideology takes centres on fantasies about an imaginary ‘age-old culture’. The drawbacks are evident in how claims over the cultural antiquity of Tri Hita Karana disguise its grave shortcomings in practice.sguise its grave shortcomings in practice.)